Uhlolojikelele Lomkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo iyikilamu yombhobho ye-U-bolt yensimbi ye-carbon steel ehlanganiswe nge-hot-dip galvanized (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-U-bolt, i-U-clamp, i-saddle bolt, noma i-U-pipe clamp), eyenzelwe ukuqinisa amapayipi, amashubhu, ama-conduit, nezintambo ezisekelweni zesakhiwo, izindonga, uphahla, namaraki. I-U-bolt inesakhiwo sokugoba esiyisikwele esinemicu ye-metric (M8 ejwayelekile, M6–M16 iyatholakala) emilenzeni yomibili, futhi ihlinzekwa ngokuphelele namantongomane amabili e-hex ukuze ifakwe ngokushesha. Yenziwe nge-Q235 carbon steel futhi iqedwe nge-hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) ngokwe-ISO 1461 / ASTM A153, le U-bolt inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu ezindaweni zangaphandle, zasogwini, nezinomswakama — okuyenza ifaneleke ikakhulukazi umoya waseMpumalanga Ephakathi ogcwele usawoti nezimo zezulu ezinzima. I-U-bolt ihambisana ne-DIN 3570, JB/ZQ 4321, neminye imigomo yamazwe ngamazwe ehlobene, futhi iyatholakala ngosayizi abahlanganisa ububanzi bombhobho be-DN15 kuya ku-DN500 (½" kuya ku-20"). Isakhiwo sokugoba esiyisikwele sinikeza indawo eyisicaba yokuthwala emapuletini okufaka nasemigqeni ye-strut, ivimbele ukujikeleza futhi iqinisekise ukusekelwa kombhobho okuzinzile, okumelana nokudlidliza. Lesi yisakhiwo esikhethwayo sokufakwa kwamaraki amapayipi, imigqa ye-HVAC, amapayipi okucisha umlilo, nezinhlelo zamathreyi ekhebula ekwakheni kwezimboni nezohwebo. Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo & Idizayini Isici Incazelo Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo U-Bolt / U-Pipe Clamp / Saddle Bolt / U-Screw Uhlobo Lokugoba Ukugoba okuyisikwele (kuyatholakala futhi: ukugoba okuyindilinga, umlenze omude) Ukuhlelwa Kwemicu Imicu ye-metric emilenzeni yomibili (yesandla sokudla) Ukubekezelelana Kwemicu 6g (metric) Usayizi Wemicu Ojwayelekile M8 × 1.25 (ojwayelekile); M6, M10, M12, M16 iyatholakala Ukuhlelwa Kwamantongomane Amantongomane amabili e-hex anikezwa nge-U-bolt ngayinye (ojwayelekile) Izinga Lomkhiqizo A / B (ngokwe-DIN 3570) Ukugoba okuyisikwele kwakha indawo yokuxhumana eyisicaba endaweni yokufaka, kusabalalise amandla okubopha ngokulinganayo futhi kuvimbele i-U-bolt ukuthi ingajikelezi ngesikhathi sokuqinisa. Imilenze enemicu ivumela ikilamu ukuthi iqiniswe ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sokusekela, ikwazi ukwamukela ububanzi obukhulu bemibhobho nokujiya kwe-insulation. Ngobubanzi obukhulu (DN 50 nangaphezulu), amantongomane amane ajwayelekile ukusetshenziswa — amabili ngaphezulu namabili ngaphansi kwepuleti lokusekela — ukunikeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe nokulungiswa. Impahla & Izinga Ipharamitha Imininingwane Impahla I-Q235 carbon steel (ejwayelekile); Q345B, 45#, alloy steel iyatholakala Izinga Lamandla 4.8 (ejwayelekile); 8.8 iyatholakala ngokucela Ukuhlelwa Kwamakhemikhali (Q235) C ≤ 0.22%, Mn ≤ 1.4%, Si ≤ 0.35%, S ≤ 0.050%, P ≤ 0.045% Amandla Okuqina ≥ 400 MPa (Izinga 4.8) Amandla Okunikezela ≥ 320 MPa (Izinga 4.8) Ukwelula ≥ 22% Ubuningi 7.85 g/cm³ I-Q235 carbon steel iyimpahla ejwayelekile yamakilamu ombhobho e-U-bolt, inikeza ibhalansi enhle yamandla, ukuvumelana, kanye nokonga. Ngezidingo zomthwalo ophezulu, i-Grade 8.8 alloy steel (35CrMo, 40Cr) iyatholakala, efinyelela amandla okuqina okungenani angu-800 MPa. Izinketho ze-stainless steel (SS304 / SS316) ziyatholakala futhi ezindaweni ezigqwala kakhulu. Ukuqedwa Kwendawo — I-Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG) Ipharamitha Incazelo Imigomo ISO 1461 / ASTM A153 / GB/T 13912 Ukujiya Kwemboza 45–85 μm (ngokujwayelekile ≥ 50 μm ku-M8–M16) Isisindo Sokumboza ≥ 350 g/m² Ukumelana Ne-Salt Spray 500–1,500+ amahora (kuya ku-red rust) Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Lokusebenza 200–250°C (okuqhubekayo) Ukubukeka Okusiliva-mpunga okukhanyayo, ukuqedwa okufanayo okumatte Indlela Yokugqwala Ukuvikelwa kwe-Barrier + sacrificial (cathodic) I-hot-dip galvanizing inikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-sacrificial (cathodic) ku-carbon steel engaphansi. Ukumboza kwe-zinc kugqwala kuqala, kuvikele i-steel substrate ekugqwaleni ngisho noma ukumboza kuklwejwa noma kulinyazwe. Isendlalelo se-zinc-iron alloy esihlanganiswe nge-metallurgically esakhiwe ngesikhathi senqubo ye-hot-dip siqinisekisa ukunamathela okuhle kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside. Ukuqhathanisa kokusebenza: Ukuqedwa Ukujiya Kwemboza Ukumelana Ne-Salt Spray Indawo Enconyiwe I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) 45–85 μm 500–1,500+ amahora Ngaphandle, ogwini, olwandle, ezimbonini I-Zinc Plated (Electro) 8–12 μm 72–144 amahora Ngaphakathi, ezindaweni ezivikelwe I-Dacromet 5–12 μm 600–1,500+ amahora Ogwini, olwandle, ukugqwala okuphezulu I-hot-dip galvanizing inconywa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi e-GCC ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu wendawo, umoya wasogwini ogcwele usawoti, nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu. Ngezinhlelo ze-oyili negesi, i-petrochemical, ne-offshore, ama-U-bolt e-HDG ku-ASTM A153 anikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okudingekayo kanye nempilo yesevisi. Imigomo & Izincazelo Ipharamitha Imininingwane Imigomo DIN 3570 / JB/ZQ 4321-1997 / JB/ZQ 4321-2006 / GB/T 2314 Osayizi Bemicu M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M20, M24 Ububanzi Bombhobho DN15 – DN500 (½" – 20") Ububanzi Bangaphakathi (a) 30 mm – 530 mm (DN 20 – DN 500) Ubude Bemicu (b) 40 mm – 70 mm (kuyahluka ngosayizi) Uhlobo Lokugoba Isikwele / Indilinga / Umlenze Omude Impahla Q235 / Q345B / 45# / 35CrMo / SS304 / SS316 Ukuqedwa Kwendawo HDG / Zinc Plated / Dacromet / Plain (ye-SS) Ukunikezwa Kwamantongomane Amantongomane amabili e-hex nge-U-bolt ngayinye (ojwayelekile); amantongomane ama-4 ku-DN 50+ I-DIN 3570 iyimigomo eyinhloko yamazwe ngamazwe yama-U-bolt, icacisa uhlobo A (round bar) nohlobo B (flat bar). Imigomo ihlanganisa ububanzi bangaphakathi kusuka ku-30 mm kuya ku-530 mm (DN 20 – DN 500), nosayizi wemicu M10, M12, M16, M20, no-M24. I-JB/ZQ 4321-1997 / 2006 iyimigomo kazwelonke yaseShayina yama-U-bolt, ngokobuchwepheshe ilingana ne-DIN 3570, ihlanganisa osayizi kusuka ku-M6 kuya ku-M48. Izilinganiso Ezibalulekile (Isithenjwa — Ukugoba Okuyisikwele, M8) Usayizi Wombhobho (DN) Ububanzi Bangaphakathi (a) mm Ucu (d) Ubude Bemicu (b) mm Ubude Bomlenze (L) mm DN15 (½") 21.3 M8 40 65 DN20 (¾") 26.9 M8 40 70 DN25 (1") 33.7 M8 40 75 DN32 (1¼") 42.4 M8 40 85 DN40 (1½") 48.3 M8 40 90 DN50 (2") 60.3 M8 40 100 DN65 (2½") 76.1 M10 50 115 DN80 (3") 88.9 M10 50 125 DN100 (4") 114.3 M12 60 150 Zonke izilinganiso zihambisana nemigomo ye-DIN 3570 / JB/ZQ 4321. Osayizi abenziwe ngokwezifiso bayatholakala ngokucela. Isithenjwa sobubanzi be-bar: Isibizo esithi "6, 8, 10, 12" esivame ukusetshenziswa embonini sibhekisela kububanzi be-bar (wire) ye-U-bolt, hhayi usayizi wemicu. Kuma-U-bolt e-M8, ububanzi be-bar ngokujwayelekile bungu-8 mm. Ngobubanzi obukhulu bemibhobho, ububanzi be-bar bukhula ngokulingana (M10 = 10 mm, M12 = 12 mm, M16 = 16 mm). Izici Zemishini (Isithenjwa — Q235 / Izinga 4.8) Isici Inani Amandla Okuqina ≥ 400 MPa Amandla Okunikezela ≥ 320 MPa Ukwelula ≥ 22% Ubulukhuni ≤ 255 HV Ibanga Lokushisa Lokusebenza −40°C kuya ku-+120°C (HDG) Kuma-U-bolt e-Grade 8.8 (alloy steel 35CrMo / 40Cr), amandla okuqina afinyelela ku-≥ 800 MPa ngamandla okunikezela angu-≥ 640 MPa, afanele ukusekelwa kombhobho onomthwalo osindayo nezinhlelo zokudlidliza okuphezulu. Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Amakilamu ombhobho e-U-bolt e-hot-dip galvanized asetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni: I-Plumbing & Sanitary — Ukunikezwa kwamanzi asendlini, ukukhipha amanzi, kanye namapayipi endlini yangasese I-HVAC & Amanzi Abandayo — Imigqa ye-refrigerant, ama-condensate drains, ukusekelwa kwama-ductwork Izinhlelo Zokucisha Umlilo — Amapayipi e-sprinkler, imigqa yomlilo, amapayipi e-hydrant I-Oyili Negesi — Amapayipi enqubo kumaraki nasemasekelweni, ukusekelwa kwamapayipi, ukuxhumana kwe-wellhead Izitshalo Ze-Petrochemical — Amapayipi enqubo yamakhemikhali, imigqa ye-steam, amapayipi e-utility Izitshalo Zamandla & Ukukhipha Usawoti Emanzini — Imigqa yamanzi okupholisa, amapayipi e-steam, izinhlelo zokukhipha i-brine Ukuphathwa Kwekhebula — I-electrical conduit, ithreyi lekhebula, nokusekelwa kwe-ducting I-Solar & Amandla Avuselelekayo — Ukuqiniswa kombhobho we-solar mounting rail, amapayipi egumbi lebhethri Ukuhlanza Amanzi — Ukuhlunga, ukupompa, nokusabalalisa amapayipi Olwandle & Offshore — Amapayipi edekhi, izinhlelo ze-ballast, imigqa yokupholisa ngamanzi olwandle Ukuqonda Kwesifunda: EMpumalanga Ephakathi, amakilamu ombhobho e-U-bolt e-HDG avame ukucaciswa ukufakwa kumaraki amapayipi ezindaweni ze-oyili negesi, izinhlelo ze-HVAC ezakhiweni eziphakeme, namapayipi okucisha umlilo kulo lonke elase-UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, nase-Oman. Ukuqedwa kwe-hot-dip galvanized kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima zasogwini nezingwadule zesifunda. Umongo Wemakethe Ye-GCC: Imakethe yamakilamu amapayipi aseMpumalanga Ephakathi ibalelwa cishe ku-USD 950 million, iqhutshwa izinhlelo ezinkulu zokwakha nezingqalasizinda zesifunda. Ama-U-bolt e-HDG ayisinqumo esijwayelekile sezindawo zangaphandle nezinomswakama lapho imikhiqizo e-zinc plated ingahluleka phakathi neminyaka engu-1–2. Imihlahlandlela Yokufaka Qinisekisa ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho: Usayizi we-U-bolt ukhethwa ngobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho (OD), hhayi usayizi wombhobho ojwayelekile. Qinisekisa i-OD ngokumelene nobubanzi bangaphakathi be-U-bolt ngaphambi koku-oda. Ukuhlangana kwemicu: Ekufakweni okujwayelekile, amantongomane amabili emlenzeni ngamunye anconywa — elilodwa ngaphezulu nelilodwa ngaphansi kwepuleti lokusekela. Ngobubanzi obukhulu (DN 50+), amantongomane amane emlenzeni ngamunye angase adingeke ukuze kube nokuphepha okwengeziwe. Ukujiya kwepuleti lokufaka: Ipuleti lokusekela noma i-strut channel kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-6–10 mm ubukhulu kuma-U-bolt e-M8. Amapuleti aminyene adinga ubude bomlenze obude. Incazelo ye-torque: Kuma-U-bolt e-M8 Grade 4.8, i-torque yokuqinisa enconywayo ingu-15–20 N·m. Ku-M10, 30–35 N·m; ku-M12, 50–60 N·m. Ungadluli ku-80% we-proof load. Ukucabangela i-insulation: Lapho ubopha amapayipi ane-insulation, cacisa i-U-bolt enobubanzi bangaphakathi obukhulu ukuze ivumelane nokujiya kwe-insulation, noma sebenzisa i-rubber-lined U-bolt clamp ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-insulation. Ukumelana nokudlidliza: Emapayipini adlidlizayo (ama-compressor, amaphampu, izinjini), sebenzisa ama-spring washer noma ama-nylon-insert lock nut ngaphezu kwamantongomane ajwayelekile e-hex. Ukwanda kokushisa: Emigqeni yamanzi ashisayo noma ye-steam, qinisa kuphela intongomane engaphansi (guide support) ukuvumela ukunyakaza kombhobho kwe-axial. Ezindaweni ze-anchor, qinisa womabili amantongomane. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile ngokuhambisana nemigomo ye-DIN 3570, JB/ZQ 4321, ISO 1461, ne-ASTM A153. Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ezenziwa kuqoqo ngalinye lokukhiqiza: Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlelwa kwamakhemikhali kwempahla eluhlaza (Q235 / alloy steel) Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuqina nokunikezela ngokwe-ISO 898-1 Ukuhlolwa kwegeji yemicu (ama-go/no-go gauge) ukubekezelelana kwe-6g Ukulinganisa ukujiya kokumboza (igeji ye-magnetic) ngokwe-ISO 1461 Ukuhlolwa kokunamathela kokumboza (ukuhlolwa ngommese / ukuhlolwa ngokugoba) Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezinkinga zendawo, imifantu, nokufana kokumboza Imibhalo etholakala ngokucela: I-EN 10204 3.1 Material Test Certificate I-EN 10204 3.2 (yezinhlelo ezibalulekile) Isitifiketi sokujiya kokumboza (HDG) Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezilinganiso Imibiko yokuhlolwa yabantu besithathu (SGS, BV, CTI) Ukupakisha & Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Ukupakisha Kokuthumela Ngaphandle: Ibhokisi lokhuni / i-steel pallet / inyanda enezibopho Ukupakisha Kwasendlini: Ibhokisi le-corrugated / isikhwama sepulasitiki / ngobuningi Ukunikezwa Kwamantongomane: Amantongomane amabili e-hex nge-U-bolt ngayinye (ojwayelekile); amantongomane ama-4 ku-DN 50+ Ukunikezwa Kwama-Washer: Ama-flat washer nama-spring washer ayatholakala ngokucela I-OEM/ODM: Iyatholakala — osayizi abenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinhlobo zokugoba (isikwele/indilinga/umlenze omude), izinto (SS304, SS316, alloy steel), izinhlobo zemicu (metric/UNC/BSW), nokuqedwa kwendawo kungakhiqizwa ngokusho kwemidwebo noma amasampula I-MOQ: Kuyaxoxwa Imininingwane Yoku-oda Ukuze ufake i-oda noma ucele isilinganiso, sicela ucacise: Uhlobo lomkhiqizo — I-U-bolt pipe clamp (ukugoba okuyisikwele / ukugoba okuyindilinga / umlenze omude) Imigomo — DIN 3570 / JB/ZQ 4321 / GB/T 2314 / ngokomdwebo Impahla — Q235 carbon steel / Q345B / 45# / 35CrMo / SS304 / SS316 Izinga lamandla — 4.8 / 8.8 Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho (OD) — isb., 60.3 mm (DN50 / 2") Usayizi wemicu ne-pitch — isb., M8 × 1.25 Ububanzi bangaphakathi (a) — Cacisa uma kungajwayelekile Ubude bemicu (b) — Cacisa uma kungajwayelekile Ubude bomlenze (L) — Cacisa uma kungajwayelekile Ukuqedwa kwendawo — HDG (ISO 1461 / ASTM A153) / Zinc plated / Dacromet / Plain Ukunikezwa kwamantongomane nama-washer — Cacisa inani nohlobo Inani — Nganoma yikuphi ukubekezelelana kokuthumela ngaphezulu/nangaphansi Isitifiketi — EN 10204 3.1 MTC / SASO (ye-Saudi Arabia) / EAC (ye-Kazakhstan) Izidingo ezikhethekile — I-rubber liner, i-insulation block, ukumaka, ukupakisha